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Surface Finishing

Surface treatment is a process method of artificially forming a surface layer on the surface of a substrate material with mechanical, physical and chemical properties different from those of the substrate. The purpose of surface treatment is to meet the requirements for corrosion resistance, wear resistance, decoration or other special functions of the product.

There are two interpretations of surface treatment, one for the broad sense of surface treatment, the That includes pre-treatment, electroplating, painting, chemical oxidation, thermal spraying and many other physical and chemical methods including process methods; the other is a narrow sense of surface treatment, that is, only including sandblasting, polishing, etc., that is, we often say that the pre-treatment part.

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Types of Surface Finishing

Anodizing

Using the fabricated parts of metals or alloys as an anode, an oxide film is formed on its surface by electrolysis. The metal oxide film changes the surface state and properties, improves corrosion resistance, enhances wear resistance and hardness, protects the metal surface, etc. The anodes are all made of aluminum or aluminum alloy as anodes, and the cathodes are selected from lead plates, and the aluminum and lead plates are put together in an aqueous solution, which contains sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, chromic acid, etc., for electrolysis, so that an oxide film is formed on the surface of the aluminum and lead plates. Among these acids, the most widely used is the anodic oxidation with sulfuric acid.

Bead Blasting

Sandblasting is powered by compressed air in order to form a high-speed jet beam to spray material at high speed onto the surface of the workpiece to be treated, so that the appearance or shape of the workpiece surface is changed. Due to the impact and cutting effect of the abrasive on the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece obtains a certain degree of cleanliness and different roughness, so that the mechanical properties of the surface of the workpiece are improved, thus improving the fatigue resistance of the workpiece, increasing the adhesion between it and the coating, extending the durability of the coating film, and also facilitating the leveling and decoration of the coating.

Electroplating

Electroplating is the process of reducing metal compounds to metal by electrochemical methods on the surface of metal and non-metal products and forming a smooth and dense metal layer that meets the requirements. Electroplating belongs to the category of coated surface treatment, and the desired layer thickness can be obtained by controlling the process conditions. Electroplating can improve the corrosion resistance of metal products or parts, so that the surface of products and parts can be decorative appearance. It can also improve the surface hardness, wear resistance, electrical conductivity, oxidation and reduce the sliding friction between the contact surfaces of the parts, and enhance the reflective ability of the surface.

Polishing

Polishing not only increases the beauty of the workpiece, but also improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the material surface, and also facilitates the subsequent processing. Mold polishing process and skills in the process of mold making is a very important process. Therefore, the requirements for polishing are also relatively high. High hardness polishing difficulties also increase, polishing time will also grow.

Factors Influencing Surface Finishing

1. Workpiece material: The type of material used to make the workpiece can affect the surface finish. Harder materials such as steel and harder alloys require more aggressive machining and finishing processes to achieve a good finish.

2. Machining parameters: The machining process will be the biggest factor in the quality of the surface finish. The speed, feed rate, and depth of cut can all have an impact on the final finish.

3. Cutting tool: The type of tool being used for machining can have a significant effect on the surface finish. A dull or worn tool will produce a rougher finish than a sharp one.

4. Surface finish: The type of surface finish desired can also influence the machining process. Brighter finishes require more aggressive machining and finishing processes.

Tools Used in Surface Finishing Process

1. Sanding: Sanding is a common surface finishing process used to prepare materials for painting, staining, and polishing.

2. Grinding: Grinding is a process used to remove burrs and other imperfections from metal surfaces.

3. Polishing: Polishing is used to create a smooth and glossy finish on metal surfaces.

4. Buffing: Buffing is used to create a high-gloss, mirror-like finish on a variety of surfaces.

5. Blasting: Blasting is a surface-finishing process that uses high-pressure air or water to remove paint, rust, and other debris from metal surfaces.

6. Painting: Painting is a common surface-finishing process used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion and damage.

7. Powder Coating: Powder coating is a type of painting that involves sprinkling a dry form of paint onto a metal surface and then using heat to bond it to the metal.

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